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Animage-based approach to the reconstruction of ancient architectures by extracting and arranging 3D spatial components

Divya Udayan J,HyungSeok KIM,Jee-In KIM

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第1期页码 12-27 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400141

摘要： The objective of this research is the rapid reconstruction of ancient buildings of historical importance using a single image. The key idea of our approach is to reduce the infinite solutions that might otherwise arise when recovering a 3D geometry from 2D photographs. The main outcome of our research shows that the proposed methodology can be used to reconstruct ancient monuments for use as proxies for digital effects in applications such as tourism, games, and entertainment, which do not require very accurate modeling. In this article, we consider the reconstruction of ancient Mughal architecture including the Taj Mahal. We propose a modeling pipeline that makes an easy reconstruction possible using a single photograph taken from a single view, without the need to create complex point clouds from multiple images or the use of laser scanners. First, an initial model is automatically reconstructed using locally fitted planar primitives along with their boundary polygons and the adjacency relation among parts of the polygons. This approach is faster and more accurate than creating a model from scratch because the initial reconstruction phase provides a set of structural information together with the adjacency relation, which makes it possible to estimate the approximate depth of the entire structural monument. Next, we use manual extrapolation and editing techniques with modeling software to assemble and adjust different 3D components of the model. Thus, this research opens up the opportunity for the present generation to experience remote sites of architectural and cultural importance through virtual worlds and real-time mobile applications. Variations of a recreated 3D monument to represent an amalgam of various cultures are targeted for future work.

关键词： Digital reconstruction 3D virtual world 3D spatial components Vision and scene understanding

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Beyond bag of latent topics: spatial pyramid matching for scene category recognition

Fu-xiang LU,Jun HUANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第10期页码 817-828 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500070

摘要： We propose a heterogeneous, mid-level feature based method for recognizing natural scene categories. The proposed feature introduces spatial information among the latent topics by means of spatial pyramid, while the latent topics are obtained by using probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA) based on the bag-of-words representation. The proposed feature always performs better than standard pLSA because the performance of pLSA is adversely affected in many cases due to the loss of spatial information. By combining various interest point detectors and local region descriptors used in the bag-of-words model, the proposed feature can make further improvement for diverse scene category recognition tasks. We also propose a two-stage framework for multi-class classification. In the first stage, for each of possible detector/descriptor pairs, adaptive boosting classifiers are employed to select the most discriminative topics and further compute posterior probabilities of an unknown image from those selected topics. The second stage uses the prod-max rule to combine information coming from multiple sources and assigns the unknown image to the scene category with the highest ‘final’ posterior probability. Experimental results on three benchmark scene datasets show that the proposed method exceeds most state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Scene category recognition Probabilistic latent semantic analysis Bag-of-words Adaptive boosting

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哲学视野中的工程

殷瑞钰

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 4-8

摘要：

通过历史唯物史观的考察，指出工程是在人类生存、发展过程中的一项基本实践活动，工程在不同历史时期一直是直接生产力。工程活动是先于科学活动出现的。研究认为，有关自然的知识和活动应分为科学、技术、工程三元，科学活动的主要特征是“探索”、“发现”，技术活动的主要特征是“发明”、“创新”，工程活动的主要特征是“集成”、“构建”。从现代知识意义上看，“科学—技术—工程—产业”之间存在相关的知识链（知识网络），工程与产业的关系更直接、更紧密。工程是人类为了维持生存、繁衍和发展，为了建设家园及美好地生活而进行的实践活动，是人类智慧的凝聚和所追求理想的一种体现。从哲学视野看，工程活动的成果往往体现为构筑一个新的存在物，即在一定边界条件下优化构建起来的集成体。工程集成包涵了诸多技术要素的集成，也包括了技术要素与经济、社会、管理等方面的基本要素在一定条件下的优化—集成。在新世纪的背景条件下工程是创新活动的重要领域，也应是哲学思考的新领域，哲学的超越和工程的超越存在着诸多“交集”和“并集”，因而，工程需要哲学，哲学要面向工程，工程界与哲学界互动，是中国工程哲学兴起的特点。

关键词：工程哲学思考

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Machine vision-based automatic fruit quality detection and grading

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023532

摘要：

● A machine vision-based prototype system was developed for fruit grading.

关键词： Computer and machine vision convolution neural network deep learning defective fruit detection fruit grading microcontroller

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From understanding to designing soundscapes

Jian KANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 403-417 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0091-5

摘要： Soundscape represents a step change in the field of environmental acoustics in that it combines physical, social, and psychological approaches. Although the term soundscape was introduced in the 1960s, significant attention to it has mainly been paid in the last decade or so in the community of environmental acoustics by researchers and recently by practitioners including policy makers. This paper explores the current situation and future challenges in soundscape. Starting with a framework on research and practical needs in soundscape and a brief introduction of some recent/current networks, activities, projects, and publications, this paper then presents a systematic review of recent progress in soundscape research and practice. A short review of the soundscape research in China is also given.

关键词： soundscape environment sound design urban landscape

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Digital twin for healthy indoor environment: A vision for the post-pandemic era

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 300-318 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0244-y

摘要： Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90% of their time indoors. The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation. Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management, very few have focused on the health of indoor environment. There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment. Therefore, this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health. Specifically, the current applications of BIM, IoT sensing, data analytics, and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health. Moreover, this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues. This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.

关键词： digital twin healthy indoor environment building information modeling occupant–building interaction COVID-19

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Evaluation of computer vision techniques for automated hardhat detection in indoor construction safety

Bahaa Eddine MNEYMNEH, Mohamad ABBAS, Hiam KHOURY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 227-239 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018071

摘要： Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-year career, mainly due to fires, falls, and being struck by or caught between objects. Hence, employers must ensure their workers wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular hardhats, if they are at risk of falling, being struck by falling objects, hitting their heads on static objects, or coming in proximity to electrical hazards. However, monitoring the presence and proper use of hardhats becomes inefficient when safety officers must survey large areas and a considerable number of workers. Using images captured from indoor jobsites, this paper evaluates existing computer vision techniques, namely object detection and color-based segmentation tools, used to rapidly detect if workers are wearing hardhats. Experiments are conducted and the results highlight the potential of cascade classifiers, in particular, to accurately, precisely, and rapidly detect hardhats under different scenarios and for repetitive runs, and the potential of color-based segmentation to eliminate false detections.

关键词： construction safety personal protective equipment hardhat computer vision

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Laser vision sensing based on adaptive welding for aluminum alloy

CHEN Zhixiang, SONG Yonglun, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Wanchun, JIANG Li, XIA Xuxin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0038-2

摘要： A laser vision sensing based on the adaptive tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding system for large-scale aluminum alloy components was established to fit various weld groove conditions. A new type of laser vision sensor was used to precisely measure the weld groove. The joint geometry data, such as the bevel angle, the gap, the area, and the mismatch, etc., aided in assembling large-scale aerospace components before welding. They were also applied for automatic seam tracking, such as automatic torch transverse alignment and torch height adjustment in welding. An adaptive welding process was realized by automatically adjusting the wire feeding speed and the welding current according to the groove conditions. The process results in a good weld formation and high welding quality, which meet the requirements of related standards.

关键词： adjustment adaptive tungsten transverse alignment large-scale aluminum geometry

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Air pollution complex: Understanding the sources, formation processes and health effects

Min Shao,Shuxiao Wang,Armistead G. Russell

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0883-5

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Atomistic understanding of interfacial processing mechanism of silicon in water environment: A ReaxFF

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 570-579 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0642-6

摘要： The interfacial wear between silicon and amorphous silica in water environment is critical in numerous applications. However, the understanding regarding the micro dynamic process is still unclear due to the limitations of apparatus. Herein, reactive force field simulations are utilized to study the interfacial process between silicon and amorphous silica in water environment, exploring the removal and damage mechanism caused by pressure, velocity, and humidity. Moreover, the reasons for high removal rate under high pressure and high velocity are elucidated from an atomic perspective. Simulation results show that the substrate is highly passivated under high humidity, and the passivation layer could alleviate the contact between the abrasive and the substrate, thus reducing the damage and wear. In addition to more Si-O-Si bridge bonds formed between the abrasive and the substrate, new removal pathways such as multibridge bonds and chain removal appear under high pressure, which cause higher removal rate and severer damage. At a higher velocity, the abrasive can induce extended tribochemical reactions and form more interfacial Si-O-Si bridge bonds, hence increasing removal rate. These results reveal the internal cause of the discrepancy in damage and removal rate under different conditions from an atomic level.

关键词： silicon ReaxFF molecular dynamics friction damage

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Culturomics and metagenomics: In understanding of environmental resistome

Monika Nowrotek, Łukasz Jałowiecki, Monika Harnisz, Grażyna Anna Płaza

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1121-8

摘要：

State of the art of culturomics and metagenomics to study resistome was presented.

The combination of culturomics and metagenomics approaches was proposed.

The research directions of antibiotic resistance study has been suggested.

关键词： Culturomics Metagenomics Antibiotic resistance Resistome

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Effect of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer on the aging resistance of asphalt: An atomistic understanding

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1261-1276 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0761-5

摘要： To reveal the potential influence of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer modification on the anti-aging performance of asphalt, and its mechanism, we explored the aging characteristics of base asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt by reaction force field (ReaxFF) and classical molecular dynamics simulations. The results illustrate that the SBS asphalt is more susceptible to oxidative aging than the base asphalt under oxygen-deficient conditions due to the presence of unsaturated C=C bonds in the SBS polymer. In the case of sufficient oxygen, the SBS polymer inhibits the oxidation of asphalt by restraining the diffusion of asphalt molecules. Compared with the base asphalt, the SBS asphalt exhibits a higher degree of oxidation at the early stage of pavement service and a lower degree of oxidation in the long run. In addition, SBS polymer degrades into small blocks during aging, thus counteracting the hardening of aged asphalt and partially restoring its low-temperature cracking resistance.

关键词： SBS asphalt oxidative aging asphalt hardening ReaxFF molecular dynamics

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Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 279-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017151

摘要： Sheep are one of the most economically important domesticated animals for human society. However, genetic improvements for the key traits associated with meat, growth, milk, wool, reproduction, horns and tails progress slowly using conventional crossbreeding methods. With the development and utilization of high-throughput screening technologies over the last decade, a list of functional genes and genetic variants associated with these traits has been identified. This review covers recent genome-wide studies on sheep productive traits using high-throughput screening technologies, including those based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants at the whole-genome level (e.g., genome-wide association studies), transcriptome and DNA methylation sequences. Additionally, comprehensive information on functional genes and genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep is provided.

关键词： sheep high-throughput screening productive traits genome-wide studies

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Improved film evaporator for mechanistic understanding of microwave-induced separation process

Xin Gao, Dandan Shu, Xingang Li, Hong Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 759-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1816-1

摘要： Microwave-induced film evaporation separation process has been reported recently to separate the polar/nonpolar mixture. However, the efficiency of the separation is still too low for practical applications, which requires further enhancement via different strategies such as optimization design of evaporator structure. In addition the depth understanding of the separation mechanisms is great importance for better utilization of the microwave-induced separation process. To carry out these investigations, a novel microwave-induced falling film evaporation instrument was developed in this paper. The improvement of the enhancement effect of microwave-induced separation was observed based on the improved film evaporator. The systematic experiments on microwave-induced separation with different binary azeotropic mixtures (ethanol-ethyl acetate system and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-H O system) were conducted based on the new evaporator. For the ethanol-ethyl acetate system, microwave irradiation shift the direction of evaporation separation at higher ethanol content in the starting liquid mixture. Moreover, for DMC-H O system microwave-induced separation process broke through the limitations of the traditional distillation process. The results clearly demonstrated the microwave-induced evaporation separation process could be commendably applied to the separation of binary azeotrope with different dielectric properties. Effects of operating parameters are also investigated to trigger further mechanism understanding on the microwave-induced separation process.

关键词： process intensification microwave falling film evaporation separation azeotrope

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Current understanding and applications of the cold sintering process

Tong Yu, Jiang Cheng, Lu Li, Benshuang Sun, Xujin Bao, Hongtao Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 654-664 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1832-1

摘要： In traditional ceramic processing techniques, high sintering temperature is necessary to achieve fully dense microstructures. But it can cause various problems including warpage, overfiring, element evaporation, and polymorphic transformation. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel processing technique called “cold sintering process (CSP)” has been explored by Randall et al. CSP enables densification of ceramics at ultra-low temperature (≤300°C) with the assistance of transient aqueous solution and applied pressure. In CSP, the processing conditions including aqueous solution, pressure, temperature, and sintering duration play critical roles in the densification and properties of ceramics, which will be reviewed. The review will also include the applications of CSP in solid-state rechargeable batteries. Finally, the perspectives about CSP is proposed.

关键词： cold sintering process processing variables solid-state rechargeable batteries